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The lever
Same pathway, wildly different carbon — because of feedstock
Run HEFA on used cooking oil and the default core lifecycle value is about 13.9 gCO₂e/MJ. Run the same HEFA process on rapeseed oil and it is closer to 47 gCO₂e/MJ — before any land-use penalty.
The conversion technology barely moved. The feedstock did. That is why provenance — not just pathway — sits at the centre of every SAF claim.
Residues — ag-residue FT~7.7
Wastes — used cooking oil~13.9
Crops — sugarcane ATJ~24.1 + ILUC
Crops — rapeseed HEFA~47 + ILUC
Same pathway, different feedstock — provenance drives the carbon ledger