# Cape Verde — State Action Plans

- **Source:** ICAO (state_action_plans)
- **Country code:** CPV
- **Year:** 2022
- **Language:** en
- **Origin URL:** https://www.icao.int/sites/default/files/sp-files/environmental-protection/Documents/ActionPlan/State-Action-Plan-of-Cabo-Verde.pdf
- **Ingested:** 2026-06-15T11:50:15.329025+00:00
- **Extraction:** pymupdf

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MARCH 2022 
     
ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL 
CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
This State Action Plan was developed under the Second Phase of the ICAO Assistance Project - Capacity Building for CO2 Mitigation from 
International Aviation – Development of ICAO States’ Action Plans for 10 States. 
Project funded by the European Union

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
2 
 
 
POINTS OF CONTACT 
 
AGÊNCIA DE AVIAÇÃO CIVIL (AAC) 
Achada Grande Frente, C.P. 371 – Praia – CABO VERDE 
Tel : (+238) 2603430; Fax : (+238) 2611075 
E-mail : dgeral@aac.cv 
 
Arlindo Menezes de Borja 
Focal Point – Environment 
E-mail : aborja@aac.cv 
Phone (+238) 2603430 ; Mobile : (+238) 9111130 
Praia – CABO VERDE 
 
Armando Veiga 
Alternate Focal Point – Environment 
E-mail : armandov@aac.cv 
Phone (+238) 2603430; Mobile: (+238) 9814349 
Praia – CABO VERDE

Table of contents 
 
 
Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 6 
I. 
Executive summary ............................................................................................................. 7 
II. 
Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 8 
III. 
Overview of national civil aviation sector ..................................................................... 8 
Brief history of the regulator .................................................................................................. 8 
National overview of air transport activity ........................................................................... 9 
IV. 
Development of the action plan .................................................................................... 11 
National action plan team ......................................................................................................... 12 
 
Cabo Verde Civil Aviation Authority .......................................................................... 13 
 
Airport Manager and Air Navigation Service Provider ............................................ 14 
 
Ministry responsible for air transport......................................................................... 16 
 
Ministry responsible for the environment................................................................... 16 
 
Ministry responsible for energy ................................................................................... 17 
 
Fuel suppliers ................................................................................................................. 17 
 
Cabo Verde Handling ................................................................................................... 17 
V. Baseline for CO2 emissions in international aviation .................................................... 18 
✓ 
Data collection ............................................................................................................... 18 
✓ 
Calculation method ....................................................................................................... 18 
✓ 
Results ............................................................................................................................ 18 
VI. 
Cabo Verde’s Mitigation Measures ............................................................................. 20 
VII. 
Expected results ............................................................................................................. 22 
VIII. 
Roadmap for the implementation of mitigation measures .................................... 25 
IX. 
Assistance needs............................................................................................................. 26

Figures 
 
Figure 1 – Cabo Verde geographical location ………………………………….8 
Figure 2 – Annual Evolution of Aircraft movement ……………………………9 
Figure 3 – Annual Evolution of passage……………………………………….10 
Figure 4 – Annual Evolution of cargo …………………………………………10 
Figure 5 – Annual Evolution of mail …………………………………………..10 
Figure 6 – National Action Plan Team ………………………………………...12 
Figure 7 - Baseline for CO2emission from international aviation …………….17 
Figure 8 – Baseline and expected results ………………………………………21 
 
 
 
Tables 
 
Tables 1 – Baseline …………………………………………………………….18 
Tables 2 - Expected results …………………………………………………….22

ACRONYMS 
 
AAC 
Civil Aviation Authority 
AIAC 
Aeroporto Internacional Amílcar Cabral  
AICE 
Aeroporto Internacional Cesária Évora 
AIPNM 
Aeroporto Internacional da Praia, Nelson Mandela 
AP 
Action Plan 
ASA 
Airport Manager and Air Navigation Service Provider 
ATC 
Air Traffic Control 
ATM 
Air Traffic Management 
CCO 
Continuous Climb Operations   
CDO 
Continuous Descent Operations  
CNS 
Communication, Navigation and Surveillance 
CO2 
Carbon dioxide 
CORSIA Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation 
CVH 
Cabo Verde Handling 
DNA 
Direction of Air Navigation 
EU 
European Union 
FIR 
Flight Information Region 
IATA 
International Air Transport Association 
ICAO 
International Civil Aviation Authorization  
NAPT 
National Action Plan Team 
PBN 
Performance Based Navigation 
RNP 
Required Navigation Performance  
SAF 
Sustainable Aviation Fuel 
TACV  
Transporte Aéreo de Cabo Verde 
TMA 
Terminal Control Area

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
 
The Cabo Verde Civil Aviation Agency (AAC) acknowledges technical, and strategic 
support of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in the frame of the ICAO 
Assistance project “Capacity Building for CO2 Mitigation from International Aviation - 
Development of ICAO States' Action Plans for 10 States" with European Union Funding. 
This assistance from ICAO has been essential at every stage of the development of   the 
State Action Plan on CO2 Emissions Reduction, including the training provided to the 
personnel, the support for the National Action Plan Team meetings, the establishment of 
the baseline, and the identification of innovative mitigation measures for a sustainable 
aviation in Cabo Verde. 
 
We would also like to thank all the members of the national action plan team, Arlindo 
Borja, Armando Veiga, Alécia Branco, Francisco Martins, Ariel Assunção, Alécia 
Pires, Ester Brito, Alexandre Rodrigues, and Carlos Monteiro in charges of 
developing the action plan for CO2 emission reduction for the aviation sector in Cabo 
Verde, to contribute with ICAO, to the target for the reduction of CO2 emissions from 
international aviation. 
 
ABOUT THE SECOND PHASE OF THE ICAO CAPACITY BUILDING 
PROJECT 
 
With the goal of assisting States in their efforts to mitigate CO2 emissions from 
international aviation, and to ensure that all States have the capacity required to develop 
their Action Plans and implement mitigation measures, ICAO launched in 2013 the first 
phase of the Assistance Project Capacity building for CO2 mitigation from international 
aviation, in partnership with the European Union (EU).  The project successfully 
supported 14 States in Africa and the Caribbean, and met all its expected results, 
exceeding the initial targets by its completion in 2019.  
 
Building on this successful partnership, ICAO initiated the second Phase of its Assistance 
Project with the European Union funding. The Project seeks to contribute to the 
mitigation of CO2 emissions from international civil aviation in the selected States by 
implementing capacity building activities to support the development of low carbon air 
transport and environmental sustainability. The EU’s overall Action under this second 
phase involves three Areas of Activities, with ICAO responsible for Area of Activity 1, 
funded at 1.5 million, and focusing on the Preparation and/or update and implementation 
of ICAO’s State Actions Plans. 
 
Since 2020, ICAO has officially kicked off the implementation of the Second Phase 
entitled “Capacity Building for CO2 Mitigation from International Aviation-
Development of ICAO States’ Action Plans for 10 States”, planned to be carried out until 
October 2023, and providing support to five States from the Eastern and Southern African 
Region (Botswana, Madagascar, Rwanda, Seychelles and Zimbabwe), and five from the 
Western and Central African Region (Benin, Cabo Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and 
Senegal).  
 
For more information, visit  
https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Pages/ICAO_EU_II.aspx

I. 
Executive summary 
 
The present document "Cabo Verde’s Action Plan for  CO2 emissions reduction from  
international aviation " was prepared in accordance with Resolution A40-18 of the 
Assembly of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), "Consolidated 
statement of ICAO's continuing policies and practices related to environmental protection 
Environment - Climate Change" and contains the five sections set out in Document 9988 
"Guidance on the development of action plans for CO2 emission reduction activities" 
developed by ICAO, for States to contribute through their action plans to the global goals 
of international civil aviation to protect the environment.  
 
This plan includes a geographical overview of Cabo Verde and its civil aviation system, 
and also describes the five (05) steps in the development of the Action Plan, including: 
 
- The action plan development team; 
- The baseline scenario calculation process; 
- The selected mitigation measures; 
- The results obtained from the mitigation measures; 
- The identification of assistance needs.

II. 
Introduction 
 
Cabo Verde is an island country formed by ten volcanic islands in the central Atlantic 
Ocean. At about 570 kilometers off the coast of West Africa, the islands cover a total area 
of over 4000 Km2. Discovered by Diego Gomes in 1460 at the service of the Portuguese 
crown. Diego Gomes found these islands uninhabited and with no evidence of any human 
presence or activity, having become a Portuguese colony until 1975, when the State 
gained its independence. Official language is the Portuguese language, but the national 
language of the country, the so-called people's language is Cabo Verdean Creole, which 
is different on each of the country's islands. 
 
 
Figure 1 – Cabo Verde geographical location 
 
Located in the sub-Saharan zone, with an arid or semi-arid climate. The Canary Current 
moderates the temperature. The annual average is rarely above 25 ° C and does not drop 
below 20 ° C. The seawater temperature varies between 21 ° C in February and 25 ° C in 
September. The seasons are fundamentally two: "as-águas" (rain) and "as-secas" 
(drought) or "time of breezes". 
 
It is an archipelago state with an underdeveloped economy, and which suffers from a lack 
of alternative resources and population growth. The main economic means are 
agriculture, the archipelago's marine wealth, the services provision (which corresponds 
to 80 percent of the gross domestic product) and, more recently, tourism (which has 
gained increasing relevance). The main tourist islands are Sal Island and Boa Vista Island. 
 
With a total population of approximately 532 thousand inhabitants, mostly young, many 
Cabo Verdeans see emigration as a way of seeking a better life. It can be said that the 
Cabo Verdean diaspora is larger than the country's own population and the sending of 
remittances is considered a major boost to its economy. 
 
III. 
Overview of the national civil aviation sector 
 
Brief history of the regulator 
With the independence of Cabo Verde, the political organization of the State was 
promoted, and several services were created, of which the General Directorate of Civil 
Aviation (DGAC) through Decree No. 5-E / 75 of 23 July. This service organized the 
civil aviation sector in Cabo Verde and published more than forty diplomas, of which the 
first version of the Aeronautical Code stands out.

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
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In June 2001, pursuant to Decree-Law no. 14/2001 and Resolution no. 41/2001 of 12 July, 
the DGAC was ended, and the Civil Aeronautics Institute (IAC) created, with a business 
character, clearly indicating a paradigm shift in how aviation came to be seen by the 
country's governance, foreseeing a period of change and growth, with the forecast of an 
increase in the tourism sector and the expansion of the airport network. 
 
Thus, in 2004 the Government decided to transform the IAC into the current Civil 
Aviation Agency by publishing Decree-Law No. 28/2004 of July 12, amended by Decree-
Law No. 47/2019, of October 28, as the regulatory body of the national civil aviation 
sector, with the objective of performing the administrative activity of technical and 
economic regulation, supervision, and regulation of the civil aviation sector. 
 
National overview of air transport activity 
 
In 2019, 26 air operators operate in Cabo Verde on regular commercial flight and charter 
commercial flights, among which 24 were foreign air operators and 2 were national air 
operators. The traffic data collected this year showed that there were 35,202 aircraft 
movements at national airports.  
 
The national air operator, TACV operated with 2 aircraft B757 (D4-CCF and D4-CCG) 
in the international flight operations and TICV operated with 3 ATR72 aircraft (D4-CCA, 
D4-CCB and D4-CCD) on domestic routes.  
 
The following list shows the foreign air carriers on the scheduled and non-scheduled 
(Charter) international air operations in Cabo Verde in 2019: 
 
Nº 
Airline 
Nacional Airport 
Sal 
(AIAC) 
Praia 
(AIPNM) 
Boa Vista 
(AIAP) 
São 
Vicente  
(AICE) 
1 
TAP (Portugal)JJ 
X 
X 
X 
X 
2 
Luxair (Lexemburgo) JJ 
X 
  
X 
  
3 
Royal Air Maroc (Marocos)JJ 
  
X 
  
  
4 
Tui Belgium (Bélgica)JJ 
X 
  
X 
  
5 
TUI Flight X3 (Germany) JJ 
X 
  
X 
  
6 
Tui (Nederland) JJ 
X 
  
X 
  
7 
Privilege Style (Spain) CC 
X 
  
  
  
8 
Neos (Itália)JJ 
X 
  
  
  
9 
 Enter Air (Poland) CC 
X 
  
X 
  
10 
Sata (Portugal) JJ e CC 
X 
X 
  
  
11 
Air Senegal (Senegal)JJ 
  
X 
  
  
12 
Transavia (France)JJ e CC 
X 
  
X 
  
13 
Smartwings (Checa) CC 
X 
  
X 
  
14 
Corendon (Nederland) CC 
X 
  
  
  
15 
Tui Airways Thomson (Reino 
Unido)JJ 
X 
  
X 
  
16 
Transair (Senegal) JJ 
  
X 
  
  
17 
Blu Panorama (Italy)JJ 
X 
  
  
  
18 
Air Tanker (Reino Unido)JJ 
X

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
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19 
Brussels Airlines JJ 
X 
  
  
  
20 
Thomas Cook Airlines Scandinavia 
CC 
X 
  
  
  
21 
Tui Nordic Sweden (Sweden) CC 
X 
  
X 
  
22 
Binter Canarias (Spain) JJ 
X 
  
  
  
23 
ASL Airlines France (France) CC 
X 
  
X 
  
24 
TAAG (Angola) JJ 
X 
  
  
  
  
jj-scheduled, cc-charter 
  
  
  
  
 
 
In recent years it can be considered that there was a trend of increasing movement of air 
transport activity in Cabo Verde, associated with the increase in tourism movement until 
the year 2019. This trend had a sharp drop in the year 2020 as a consequence of the 
COVID-19 pandemic.  
 
The following data shows the total evolution of international and domestic air traffic 
movements at national airports in the last 4 years, from 2018 to 2021. 
 
 
 
Figure 2 – Total Annual Evolution of Aircraft movement 
 
 
Figure 3 – Total Annual Evolution of passengers 
 
 
The following graph shows the total 
passenger traffic (international and 
domestic) at airport in the last 4 years 
and shows a 72% decrease relative to 
2019, 
corresponding 
775,998 
passengers 
circulating 
through 
all 
national airports in the year 2020. 
The following graph shows the total 
of movement of aircraft at national 
airports in the last 4 years and shows 
a 63% decrease corresponding to 
13,162 aircraft in the year 2020

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
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Figure 4 – Total Annual Evolution of cargo 
 
 
 
Figure 5 – Total Annual Evolution of mail 
 
 
IV. 
Development of the action plan 
The State Action Plans (SAP) for the Reduction of CO2 emissions from international 
aviation is one of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) initiatives in favor 
of selecting and implementing measures to mitigate the impact of the civil aviation sector 
on climate change. 
 
According to Resolution A 40-18, action plans should include information on activities 
aimed at reducing CO2 emissions from international aviation, including national actions 
and activities implemented at regional or global level as a result of bilateral and / or 
multilateral regional agreements. 
 
Therefore, for the preparation of this action plan, the following five elements were 
considered: 
i. 
Focal point information and contact and working group 
ii. 
Baseline: Baseline (without measures) of fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and 
traffic. The fuel consumption figures, and the 2019 Annual International 
Aviation 2019 must be presented 
iii. 
Measures to mitigate CO2 emissions. The selection of measures to mitigate CO2 
emissions and improve fuel efficiency 
iv. 
Estimation of the expected results of the selected measures; and 
v. 
Need for assistance. The identification of any assistance necessary for the 
preparation and / or implementation of the plan. 
 
Regarding the evolution of cargo 
movement in all national airports 
in the last 3 years, it shows a 
decrease of 49% compared to 
2019, corresponding to 703,668 
kg of transported cargo in the year 
2020. 
In relation to the total evolution of mail 
movement in all national airports in the 
last 3 years, it indicates a decrease of 
51% compared to the year 2019, with 
total mail transported in 2020 estimated 
at 221,366 kg

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
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National Action Plan Team 
 
The National Action Plan Team (ENPA) was established by the Government of Cabo 
Verde Resolution Nº 72/2021 of July 14 (annex 1) and has the following attributions 
✓ Develop the CO2 reduction action plan in the triennium 2021-2023 in accordance 
with the ICAO guidelines established in Document 9988;  
✓ Coordinate the definition of policies and activities related to the CO2 emission 
reduction action plan; 
✓ Submit to ICAO the action plan by June 30th 2022; 
✓ Evaluate the effective implementation of policies, guidelines and recommendations 
defined within the scope of the CO2 emission reduction action plan 
According to article 3 of the Government Resolution, the team is formed by the following 
members:

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
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Figure 7 – National Action Plan Team 
 
 
 Cabo Verde Civil Aviation Authority 
 
The Civil Aviation Agency (AAC) is the regulatory body for the national civil aviation 
sector, created by Decree-Law No. 28/2004, of 12 July, amended by Decree-Law No. 
47/2019, of 28 October, with the purpose of performing administrative activities of 
technical and economic regulation, supervision and regulation of the civil aviation sector. 
It is an independent administrative authority, with an institutional base, endowed with its 
own legal personality, organs, services, personnel and assets and with administrative and 
financial autonomy. 
 
AAC is independent in the performance of its functions and is not subject to 
superintendence or tutelage with regard to its regulatory functions, with the exception of 
the powers attributed to the Government in matters of political and management 
guidelines provided by law. 
 
AAC's competence are defined in Decree-Law No. 47/2019 of 27 October, as follows: 
• 
The competence of Economic Regulation; 
• 
The competence of Technical Regulation; 
• 
Supervisory competence; 
• 3 Representative
Cabo Verde Civil Aviation Authority (AAC)
• 1 Representative
Airport Manager and Air Navigation Service Provider (ASA)
• 1 Representative
Ground Handling Service Provider (CV Handling)
• 1 Representative
Ministry responsible for Air Transport (MTT)
• 1 Representative
Ministry responsible for the Environment (MAA)
• 1 Representative
Ministry responsible for Energy (MIE)
• 1 Representative
Air Carrier Certified to do International Air Transport  
•1 Representative
Fuel Supplier

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
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• 
Regulatory competence; 
• 
Operational Safety competence; 
• 
Civil Aviation Security competence against Acts of Unlawful Interference and 
Facilitation of Air Transport; 
• 
The competence of Representation of the Civil Aviation Sector; 
• 
Sanctionary competence; 
• 
Consultative competence; 
• 
The competence over the Commercial Relationship of the operators; 
• 
Competence in competition matters. 
 
In terms of environment, AAC's competence is to contribute to the progressive 
improvement of technical, economic and environmental conditions in the sector, 
stimulating, namely, the adoption of practices that promote the efficient use of assets and 
the existence of adequate standards of service quality and environmental protection. 
 
 Airport Manager and Air Navigation Service Provider  
 
The National Airport and Air Safety Company, abbreviated as ASA, created with the 
objective of efficiently managing the country's airports and aerodromes and the Flight 
Information Region (Oceanic FIR) of Sal. 
 
ASA's activity is centered on two lines of business, which are Air Navigation services 
and Airport Management. The Air Navigation services are provided mainly from the 
Ocean Control Center on the island of Sal, and the airport network comprises 4 
international airports and 3 aerodromes.  
 
ASA mission is to efficiently manage the country's airports and aerodromes and the Flight 
Information Region (FIR) of Sal, and to contribute to the modernization of the air 
transport system and the archipelago's economic, social, and cultural development, 
connecting Cabo Verde to the world. 
 
 
The international airports are: 
 
   
  
 
Amílcar Cabral International Airport (AIAC) 
Praia Nelson Mandela International Airports (AIPNM)

The aerodromes are: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cesária Évora International Airport (AICE) 
Aristides Pereira International Airport (AIAP) 
 
 
Aerodromes of São Filipe, Fogo Island 
Aerodromes of Preguiça, São Nicolau Island 
Aerodromes of Maio Island

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 Ministry responsible for air transport  
 
The Ministry of Tourism and Transportation pursues attributions in matters of tourism 
policies, air transport, air safety and postal communications. 
The Minister of Tourism and Transportation proposes and executes, in articulation with 
the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Regional Integration, policy measures, 
actions and programs for planning and managing Cabo Verde's relations with all 
specialized bodies in the areas of its intervention.  
The Minister of Tourism and Transportation, without prejudice to the powers conferred 
by law to the Council of Ministers and the Minister of Finance, directs, superintends, 
guides and establishes relations with the services, institutes, public companies and 
independent administrative authorities with attributions in the areas under the terms of 
their respective organic structure.  
The Minister of Tourism and Transportation shall endeavor to create the administrative 
and logistical conditions for the Ministry of Tourism and Transportation to be installed 
in Sal Island, in agreement with the Minister of Finance and Business Development. 
The Ministry of Tourism and Transports supervises, manages, oversees and co-responses 
the following decentralized services, Public Institutes, autonomous funds and public 
enterprises: 
▪ National Tourism Council; 
▪ Office of Special Tourism Zones Management; 
▪ Office of Tourism Development; 
▪ Institute of Tourism of Cabo Verde; 
▪ Institute for the Prevention and Investigation of Air and Maritime Accidents; 
▪ Social and Tourism Sustainability Fund; 
▪ General Inspection of Games; 
▪ Postal Services of Cabo Verde; 
▪ Air Transport of Cabo Verde (TACV); 
▪ Airports and Security Air; 
▪ Cabo Verde Handling; 
 
 Ministry responsible for the environment   
 
The Ministry of Agriculture and Environment is the government department whose 
mission is to design, coordinate, control, execute and evaluate the specific policies 
defined by the Government for the sectors of agriculture, forestry, livestock, agro-
industry, food safety, environment, water and sanitation, as well as public policies for the 
agrarian economy, environment and climate change. 
Its competencies are defined in the Decree-Law nº 57/2021 of September 29, of which 
we highlight the following: 
▪ Define, formulate and implement policy guidelines on the environment and 
climate in close collaboration with the collegial bodies established exclusively for 
this purpose; 
▪ Propose, disseminate, and ensure the effective implementation of legislative, 
regulatory, and administrative measures relative to the sectors of its competence 
▪ Define and ensure the implementation of public policies regarding the sustainable 
use and conservation of natural resources, including water, soil, biodiversity and 
geodiversity; 
▪ Promote environmental citizenship;

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
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▪ Participate in the definition of policies of preservation and management of risks 
and natural disasters and others in the areas of its competence; 
▪ Promote and develop mitigation and adaptation policies to climate change and to 
strengthen the resilience of sectors and communities; 
▪ Ensure the implementation and dissemination of international principles, 
agreements and conventions regarding agro-silvo-pastoral production, plant and 
animal protection, food systems, environment, water and climate, among others. 
 
 Ministry responsible for energy  
 
The Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Energy (MICE) is the government department 
in charge of designing, proposing, coordinating, executing and evaluating government 
public policies in the fields of industrial, commercial and energy infrastructure, quality 
management, intellectual property protection, industrial property rights, the trade system 
and network, renewable energy and desalination. 
 
The National Directorate of Industry, Commerce and Energy (DNICE) is the service 
responsible for the design, implementation and evaluation of the energy, industrial and 
commercial policy, as well as the presentation of proposals aimed at growth, 
improvement and increased productivity and competitiveness of the sector. 
 
The National Directorate for Industry, Trade and Energy is made up of three services: 
Industry Service, Trade Service and the Energy Service. The Energy Service Directorate 
is responsible for the design, implementation and evaluation of energy policy (electricity 
and fuel sectors) and desalination, as well as the presentation of proposals aimed at 
growth, improvement and increased productivity and competitiveness of the sector. It also 
makes the technical regulation, has the responsibility for the sector's planning and for the 
formulation, monitoring of strategic projects of the sector. 
 
 Fuel suppliers   
 
In the Energy sector, the country has 2 operators that hold a concession granted by the 
State of Cabo Verde, the operators provide the public service related to import, storage, 
distribution and commercialization of hydrocarbons for both domestic and international 
levels. The operators are: 
- VIVO ENERGY; 
- ENACOL; 
 
 Cabo Verde Handling 
 
Cabo Verde Handling, hereinafter referred to as CV Handling, is a company in the form 
of sole proprietorship company, created in May 2014, resulting from the spin-off process 
of the handling activity, previously under the responsibility of the Land Operations 
Department of of  Air Transport of Cabo Verde - TACV  SA. 
CV Handling's main purpose is to provide ground-handling services to Airlines, on their 
stopovers at airports and aerodromes in the country and has its Headquarters on Sal Island, 
where the largest center of activity is located. Installed on 7 (Seven) islands, CV 
Handling's structure is present throughout the country's airport network, organized as 
follows: 
•  4 (Four) International airports, in Sal (SID Scale), Praia (RAI Scale), S. Vicente 
(VXE Scale) and Boavista (BVC Scale).

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• 3 (Three) aerodromes, in S. Nicolau (SNE Scale), in Maio (MMO Scale) and Fogo 
(FL Scale). 
The company's mission is to guarantee passengers and aircraft that their flight experience 
begins and ends with a ground assistance service of quality and excellence, underlining 
the confidence in the national air transport industry and airport assistance. 
 
V. 
Baseline for CO2 emissions from international aviation 
 
✓ Data collection 
 
The data collected and presented in the State Action Plan were obtained through the ASA 
CSV file that includes traffic information for all airports in Cabo Verde.  
 
The CSV files are sent to AAC for the purpose of analysis and production of statistical 
information of the air transport sector published on the AAC website 
(https://www.aac.cv/dash) 
 
The team opted to use only historical traffic data for 2019 from foreign operators 
departing from airports in Cabo Verde for estimated the baseline scenario. 
 
Due to lack of data and uncertainty regarding the start of operations of national carrier 
after the CODIV-19 pandemic, the team has decided to use data from the foreign air 
operator for the baseline calculation. 
 
✓ Calculation method 
 
Cabo Verde ’s baseline scenario was estimated based on the IPCC methodology provided 
in ICAO Doc 9988 in which each State reports the CO2 emissions from the international 
flights departing from all aerodromes located in the State or its territories (State of 
Origin). 
➢ Time horizon selected:  2019-2050. 
➢ Method selected from the EBT Tool for the baseline estimation: Method C. 
➢ RTK growth rate assumption: 4% per annum. 
➢ The baseline is estimated through the year 2019 and the data used for the baseline 
estimation is provided on the Table below:  
 
Year 
International 
RTK 
International 
Fuel Burn 
(tons) 
International 
CO2 emissions 
(t) 
Efficiency 
Number 
of type of 
Aircraft 
2019 
329,537 
89,822 
283,839 
0.27 
15 
 
It was defined as the baseline for CO2 emissions in international aviation the evolution 
of CO2 emissions from international aviation from 2019 to 2050 in the absence of actions 
(business as usual). 
 
✓ Results 
 
The baseline obtained for CO2 emissions is shown in the table and graphs in Table 1 
Baseline and Figure 8 Baseline for CO2 Emissions from International Aviation 
respectively. According to these results, without the mitigation measures, CO2 emissions

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
19 
 
from aviation will grow from 283,839,004 kilograms of CO2 (Kg) in 2019 to 957,426,827 
kg in 2050, which represents a 70% increase in thirty-one years.  
 
 
 
 
Table 1 – Baseline 
 
BASELINE 
Year 
International  
RTK ('000) 
International  
Fuel burn (t) 
International 
CO2 emissions (t) 
Fuel efficiency 
2019 
329,537.59 
89,822.47 
283,839 
0.27 
2020 
342,718.48 
93,414.88 
295,191 
0.27 
2021 
356,427.22 
97,151.48 
306,999 
0.27 
2022 
370,684.31 
101,037.53 
319,279 
0.27 
2023 
385,511.68 
105,079.04 
332,050 
0.27 
2024 
400,932.15 
109,282.20 
345,332 
0.27 
2025 
416,969.43 
113,653.48 
359,145 
0.27 
2026 
433,648.21 
118,199.62 
373,511 
0.27 
2027 
450,994.14 
122,927.61 
388,451 
0.27 
2028 
469,033.90 
127,844.71 
403,989 
0.27 
2029 
487,795.26 
132,958.50 
420,149 
0.27 
2030 
507,307.07 
138,276.84 
436,955 
0.27 
2031 
527,599.35 
143,807.92 
454,433 
0.27 
2032 
548,703.33 
149,560.23 
472,610 
0.27 
2033 
570,651.46 
155,542.64 
491,515 
0.27 
2034 
593,477.52 
161,764.35 
511,175 
0.27 
2035 
617,216.62 
168,234.92 
531,622 
0.27 
2036 
641,905.29 
174,964.32 
552,887 
0.27 
2037 
667,581.50 
181,962.89 
575,003 
0.27 
0,20
0,25
0,30
230 0 000
330 0 000
430 0 000
530 0 000
630 0 000
730 0 000
830 0 000
930 0 000
1 030 0 000
Fuel Efficiency 
(L/tkm)
CO2 Emissions
(t)
Baseline for CO2 emissions from 
International Aviation
CO2 Emissions (kg)
Fuel Efficiency (L/tkm)
Figure 8- Baseline for CO2emission from international aviation

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
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2038 
694,284.76 
189,241.41 
598,003 
0.27 
2039 
722,056.15 
196,811.06 
621,923 
0.27 
2040 
750,938.39 
204,683.51 
646,800 
0.27 
2041 
780,975.93 
212,870.85 
672,672 
0.27 
2042 
812,214.97 
221,385.68 
699,579 
0.27 
2043 
844,703.56 
230,241.11 
727,562 
0.27 
2044 
878,491.71 
239,450.75 
756,664 
0.27 
2045 
913,631.38 
249,028.78 
786,931 
0.27 
2046 
950,176.63 
258,989.93 
818,408 
0.27 
2047 
988,183.70 
269,349.53 
851,145 
0.27 
2048 
1,027,711.04 
280,123.51 
885,190 
0.27 
2049 
1,068,819.49 
291,328.45 
920,598 
0.27 
2050 
1,111,572.26 
302,981.59 
957,422 
0.27 
     
 
VI. 
Cabo Verde’s Mitigation Measures 
 
This section explores the mitigation measures identified in Cabo Verde to reduce CO2 
emissions from international aviation. It first provides an overview of the national clean 
energy ambitions and landscape in the State that could be leveraged to support the 
transition to a sustainable aviation. It further presents the measures quantified in this 
Action Plan. The selected mitigation measures are described in more detail in Annex. 
 
i) Overview of the energy and climate ambitions in Cabo Verde 
 
To promote clean and affordable energy, Cabo Verde seeks to achieve a penetration rate 
for renewable energy of 50% by 2030, with a phased-in implementation schedule. 
Achieving that target would require new solar and wind farm projects. With an average 
annual wind speed exceeding 9.0 m/s, Cabo Verde presents reliable wind resources that 
could be harnessed to produce renewable energy for the airports and to power aircraft for 
international flights.   
 
Some new technologies integrating electricity generation and desalination systems can be 
examined in Cabo Verde, providing co-benefits for access to both energy and water. 
Many coastal communities in the country still have limited access to clean drinking water.  
Desalination systems require electricity and can be run at times when the wind turbines 
are operating, and electricity demand is low.  Additionally, the desalinated freshwater can 
be pumped into a high-elevation reservoir and used for energy. When demand peaks the 
water flows back down, spinning hydro turbines and generating electricity in the process.  
 
As for biofuels, around the world, significant progress has been made in the production 
and use of Sustainable Aviation Fuels. These opportunities have not been sufficiently 
explored in Cabo Verde to date. At the national level, major agricultural crops include 
maize and beans, sugar cane, cassava, sweet potato, bananas and coffee. The State is 
finalizing its National Plan for Bioenergy and aims to explore the feasibility of the 
production of SAF, and the use of renewable energy at the airports. These projects would 
require assistance and support from Cabo Verde’s technical and financial partners. But 
with the right incentives in place, a business case could be made for the production of 
feedstock and/or refining of sustainable aviation fuels based on their life cycle

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
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assessments, and the use of renewable energy at the airports, particularly at those close to 
the sea such as Sal or Sao Vincente. 
ii) Operational improvements of Air Traffic Management  
 
The air navigation service improvement measures (category 3) were selected with a view 
to ensure the reduction of CO2 emissions in accordance with national and international 
standards and regulations and in the best conditions of safety and efficiency, the provision 
of air navigation services in the Oceanic FIR, both in the upper airspace, TMA (Terminal 
Control Area) of Sal and national airports. 
 
It is noteworthy that the Air Navigation Service intends to propose and implement the 
necessary policies to ensure safe, efficient and quality management of air traffic services 
in Cabo Verde's airspace, airports and national aerodromes and to coordinate the activities 
of air traffic control (ATC), communication, navigation and surveillance (CNS) and 
aeronautical information and communications (SGIA) services. 
 
Within the scope of Implementation of Performance Based Navigation (PBN), ASA is in 
the process of implementing the PBN plan with the introduction of RNP 10 in the upper 
airspace and instrument flight procedures based on GNSS (RNAV1/RNP1 and RNP 
APCH) at all national airports. GNSS procedures are already implemented at Aristides 
Pereira and Cesária Evora International Airports.  
 
The PBN concept brings improvements in terms of efficiency in air traffic management, 
reduction of fuel consumption and emission of greenhouse gases and even in aircraft 
noise, since the approaches to land will have a continuous descent (CDA), more regular 
speed and with optimized trajectories. 
 
The team highlighted the following air navigation measures to be implemented: 
▪ RNP4 implementation in the Europe/South America (EUR/SAM) corridor 
▪ Publication of authorization for the planning of direct routes in the FPL in SAL FIR 
▪ Implementation of PBN procedures at all international airports (Missing Praia and 
Sal Airport) 
▪ Design and implementation of CCO in all Airport 
▪ Design and implementation of CDO in all Airport 
▪ Adaptation of Taxiway B for medium/large aircraft for the airport. 
 
More details about Operational improvements “Air Traffic Management (ATM)” 
category 3 are provided in Annex 3 
 
iii) Supplemental benefits on airport 
 
ASA and CV Handling have been developing and implementing energy rationalization 
project at the national Airport, aiming at the continuous monitoring of the main energy 
consumption points at the Airports and the reduction of energy consumption. 
Of the actions implemented within the framework of the project, the following stand out: 
▪ Replacement of Follow-me vehicles and VIP terminal vehicles and maintenance 
vehicles by electric vehicles; 
▪ Regulation of air conditioning equipment set-points; 
▪ Placement of motion sensors for lighting control in all WCs; 
▪ Installation of more efficient electrical equipment; 
▪ Future acquisitions of GSE cleaner fuels, namely electric GSEs;

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
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▪ Change the internal procedures regarding disembarkation with the aid of buses, 
prioritizing the embarkation on foot by managing the stands closest to the terminals. 
▪ Replacement of old generators by more efficient generators (Pedra Rachada); 
▪ Full replacement of conventional lighting by LED in buildings and facilities. 
▪ Installation of photovoltaic panels in the arrival terminal at airport; 
▪ About the idea of installing technologies that are not mature enough (example: 
vertical axis turbines) compared with solar PV, what we recommend is that they 
can be used as a pilot project because usually the capex is higher. With a pilot 
project these technologies can be explored and maybe used in the future. 
▪ Installation of wind park at the airport. 
▪ In the future Cabo Verde plans to install a modern wind park to produce clean and 
more efficient energy for airport. 
 
In the future Cabo Verde plans to install a modern wind park to produce clean and more 
efficient energy for airport. 
 
 
 
 
 
iv) Market based measure 
 
Regarding the Carbon Market in Cabo Verde, it is still non-existent, and no regulations 
are in place. But, so far, if an operator is a self-producer (more than 100kW) of energy 
based on renewable sources, the carbon credits belong to them and with that the operator 
can go to external markets outside the country and try to get financing in exchange for 
those credits. 
 
VII. 
Expected results 
 
The implementation of the selected mitigation measures is expected to lead to the 
reduction of an average of 7,819 tCO2 emissions from international aviation per year 
starting 2024 comparing with baseline. All the expected reductions relate only to 
operational improvements. 
 
The expected results over the baseline horizon are described in Table 2 Expected Results 
and Figure  provide a graphical representation of these results and confronts them with 
the expected CO2 emissions and fuel efficiency in the baseline scenario.

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Figure 9 – Baseline and expected results 
 
Table 2 – Expected results 
 
Year 
Annual Fuel 
burn before 
implementation 
of mitigation 
actions (t) 
Annual Fuel 
burn after 
implementation 
of mitigation 
actions (t) 
Annual CO2 
savings (t) 
CO2 Saving 
(%) 
2019 
89,822.47 
89,822.47 
0 
0 
2020 
93,414.88 
93,414.88 
0 
0 
2021 
97,151.48 
97,151.48 
0 
0 
2022 
101,037.53 
101,037.53 
0 
0 
2023 
105,079.04 
104,591.99 
1,539 
-0.46 
2024 
109,282.20 
106,807.83 
7,819 
-2.26 
2025 
113,653.48 
111,141.59 
7,938 
-2.21 
2026 
118,199.62 
115,687.73 
7,938 
-2.13 
2027 
122,927.61 
120,415.71 
7,938 
-2.04 
2028 
127,844.71 
125,332.82 
7,938 
-1.96 
2029 
132,958.50 
130,446.61 
7,938 
-1.89 
2030 
138,276.84 
135,764.95 
7,938 
-1.82 
2031 
143,807.92 
141,296.02 
7,938 
-1.75 
2032 
149,560.23 
147,048.34 
7,938 
-1.68 
2033 
155,542.64 
153,030.74 
7,938 
-1.61 
2034 
161,764.35 
159,252.45 
7,938 
-1.55 
2035 
168,234.92 
165,723.02 
7,938 
-1.49 
2036 
174,96432 
172,452.42 
7,938 
-1.44 
0,20
0,25
0,30
0
200 0 000
400 0 000
600 0 000
800 0 000
1 000 0 000
1 200 0 000
Fuel efficiency
(L/tkm)
Título do Eixo
Título do Eixo
Cabo Verde Expected results
Baseline - CO2
E. Results - CO2
(trend)
Baseline - Fuel
Efficiency

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
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Year 
Annual Fuel 
burn before 
implementation 
of mitigation 
actions (t) 
Annual Fuel 
burn after 
implementation 
of mitigation 
actions (t) 
Annual CO2 
savings (t) 
CO2 Saving 
(%) 
2037 
181,962.89 
179,450.99 
7,938 
-1.38 
2038 
189,241.41 
186,729.51 
7,938 
-1.33 
2039 
196,811.06 
194,299.17 
7,938 
-1.28 
2040 
204,683.51 
202,171.61 
7,938 
-1.23 
2041 
212,870.85 
210,358.95 
7,938 
-1.18 
2042 
221,385.68 
218,873.78 
7,938 
-1.13 
2043 
230,241.11 
227,729.21 
7,938 
-1.09 
2044 
239,450.75 
236,938.85 
7,938 
-1.05 
2045 
249,028.78 
246,516.88 
7,938 
-1.01 
2046 
258,989.93 
256,478.04 
7,938 
-0.97 
2047 
269,349.53 
266,837.63 
7,938 
-0.93 
2048 
280,123.51 
277,611.61 
7,938 
-0.90 
2049 
291,328.45 
288,816.55 
7,938 
-0.86 
2050 
302,981.59 
300,469.69 
7,938 
-0.83

VIII. 
Roadmap for the implementation of mitigation measures 
 
N° 
Measures 
2019 
2020 
2021 
2022 
2023 
2024 
2025 
MM1 
Conduct a feasibility study to assess the potential of alternative fuel in Cabo Verde 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM2 
RNP4 implementation in the Europe/South America (EUR/SAM) corridor 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM3 
Publication of authorization for the planning of direct routes in the FPL in SAL FIR (Aircraft can fly in 
SAL FIR from entry point direct to exit point, without intermediates point) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM4 
Implementation of PBN SID and PBN STAR procedures at Praia and Sal international airports 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM5 
Design and implementation of CCO procedures at all international airports 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM6 
Design and implementation of CDO procedures at all international airports 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM7 
Adaptation of Taxiway B for medium/large aircraft for the airport AICE. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM8 
Full replacement of conventional lighting by LED in buildings and facilities of all the international 
airports 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM9 
Installation of photovoltaic panels in international airports Aristides Pereira (AIAP) and Nelson Mandela 
of Praia 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM10 Wind park at Aeroporto Internacional Cesária Évora (AICE) and Aeroporto Internacional Amílcar Cabral 
(AIAC) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM11 Replacement of obsolete AC equipment (R22) with modern and more efficient equipment in all the 
international airports of Cabo Verde 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM12 Placement of motion sensors for lighting control in all WCs at international airports Cesária Évora and 
Aristides Pereira 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM13 Change the internal procedures regarding disembarkation with the aid of buses, prioritizing the 
embarkation on foot by managing the stands closest to the terminals- CVH 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM14 Replacement of Follow-me vehicles and VIP terminal vehicles and maintenance vehicles by electric 
vehicles at international airports of Aristides Pereira, Nelson Mandela and Amílcar Cabral 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MM15 Acquisitions of GSE cleaner fuels, namely electric GSE

IX. 
Assistance needs 
 
To achieve the expected results in the implementation of its action plan to reduce CO2 
emissions from international aviation, Cabo Verde needs assistance from civil aviation 
stakeholders, donors and ICAO support in the following areas, financial and technical 
assistance, and capacity building. 
 
Financial and Technical Assistance   
Adequate financial assistance is needed to develop and implement the following projects: 
• RNP4 implementation in the Europe/South America (EUR/SAM) corridor 
• Publication of authorization for the planning of direct routes in the FPL in SAL 
FIR (Aircraft can fly in SAL FIR from entry point direct to exit point, without 
intermediates point) 
• Adaptation of Taxiway B for medium/large aircraft for the airport AICE 
• Full replacement of conventional lighting by LED in buildings and facilities of all 
the international airports 
• Installation of photovoltaic panels in international airports Aristides Pereira 
(AIAP) and Nelson Mandela of Praia (AIPNM); 
• Replacement of obsolete AC equipment (R22) with modern and more efficient 
equipment in all the international airports of Cabo Verde 
• Change the internal procedures regarding disembarkation with the aid of buses, 
prioritizing the embarkation on foot by managing the stands closest to the 
terminals- CVH 
• Replacement of Follow-me vehicles and VIP terminal vehicles and maintenance 
vehicles by electric vehicles at international airports of Aristides Pereira, Nelson 
Mandela and Amilcar Cabral. 
• Future acquisitions of GSE cleaner fuels, namely electric GSEs – CVH.  
 
 
Capacity Building and Technical Assistance 
 
Capacity building of civil aviation personnel, in particular air traffic control personnel to: 
• RNP4 implementation in the Europe/South America (EUR/SAM) corridor 
• Implementation of PBN SID and PBN STAR procedures at Praia and Sal 
international airports 
• Design and implementation of CCO procedures at all international airports 
• Design and implementation of CDO procedures at all international airports. 
 
The lists of assistances needs are described in more detail in Annex 2.

ANNEX 
 
1. Decision creating the ENPA in charge for the development of the Action Plan on 
CO2 emissions reduction for Cabo Verde

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2. List of selected mitigation measures 
 
Keyword 
Measure 
Start 
date 
End 
date 
CO2 
savings 
Stakeholders 
Cost 
Assistance 
needs 
Required 
action 
1. Substainable aviation fuels 
 
 
Development of SAF 
Conduct a feasibility study to 
assess the potential of alternative 
fuel in Cabo Verde 
2022 
2023 
NA 
AAC 
MICE 
150000$ 
Yes 
Financial & technical 
assistance 
2. Operational improvements 
 
Use of optimum flight 
levels 
RNP4 implementation in the 
Europe/South America 
(EUR/SAM) corridor 
2023 
2025 
109 tCO2 
ASA 
TBD 
Yes 
Technical  and technical 
assistance 
Detail on quantification: Rules of thumb used 
-Total arrival movements 2019: 36236 on routes EUR SAM    -Fuel savings: 381kg    
-50% of arrivals will fly this approach   -Minima to carry out a missed approach: 0.005 
Fuel save: 36236 * 0.5 * 0.005 * 381kg = 34.51 t   - C02 save: 34.51 * 3.16 = 109tCO2 
Use of optimum 
routings 
Publication of authorization for the 
planning of direct routes in the 
FPL in SAL FIR (Aircraft can fly 
in SAL FIR from entry point direct 
to exit point, without intermediates 
point) 
2020 
2023 
TBD 
ASA 
TBD 
Yes 
Technical Assistance 
Detail on quantification: NA 
Fuel efficient departure 
and approach 
procedures 
Implementation of PBN SID and 
STAR procedures at Praia and Sal 
international airports  
2017 
2022 
1,539 
tCO2 
ASA 
TBD 
Yes 
Technical  and training 
Assistance 
Detail on quantification: EBT methodology used 
PBN SID:     Number of movements 2019: 9085     - % of implementation: 100      - Fuel savings/operation: 15kg 
PBN STAR: Number of movements 2019: 10022   - % of implementation: 100      - Fuel savings/operation: 35kg 
Fuel save: 136.28 + 350.77 = 487.05 t   - C02 save: 487.05 * 3.16 = 1,539tCO2

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Keyword 
Measure 
Start 
date 
End 
date 
CO2 
savings 
Stakeholders 
Cost 
Assistance 
needs 
Required action 
Fuel efficient departure 
and approach procedure 
Design and implementation of 
CCO procedures at all 
international airports 
2019 
2023 
3,907 
tCO2 
ASA 
TBD 
Yes 
Technical  and training 
assistance 
Detail on quantification: EBT methodology used 
Number of movements 2019: 13739     - % of implementation: 90      - Fuel savings/operation: 100kg 
Fuel save: 1236.51 t   - C02 save: 1236.51 * 3.16 = 3,907tCO2 
Fuel efficient departure 
and approach 
procedures 
Design and implementation of 
CDO procedures at all 
international airports 
2019 
2023 
2,372 
tCO2 
ASA 
TBD 
Yes 
Technical  and training 
Assistance 
Detail on quantification: EBT methodology used 
Number of movements 2019: 13904     - % of implementation: 90      - Fuel savings/operation: 60kg 
Fuel save : 750.82 t   - C02 save : 750.82 * 3.16 = 2,372 tCO2 
More efficient use and 
planning of airport 
capacities 
Adaptation of Taxiway B for 
medium/large aircraft for the 
airport AICE 
2022 
2024 
6.38 tCO2 
ASA 
TBD 
Yes 
Financial Assistance (for 
carrying out the 
intervention work) 
Detail on quantification: EBT methodology used 
Number of aircraft / year: 2    Number of movements / aircraft in 2019: 336     - % of implementation: 90      - Time savings: 3 min         -Average fuel burn (Kg/min: 1 
Fuel save : 2.02 t   - C02 save : 2.02 * 3.16 = 6.38 tCO2 
3. Airport improvements  
Airfield improvements  
Full replacement of conventional 
lighting by LED in buildings and 
facilities of all the international 
airports  
2021 
2023 
Co-benefit 
16.19 
tCO2 
ASA and CV 
Handling 
19 562 02
2 ECV 
Yes 
Technical and financial 
assistance 
Detail on quantification: Rules of thumb used 
Total kwh/year for light: 134 927 
CO2 savings = 0.4 * kWh * Kg of CO2/kWhj = 0.4 * 134 927 * 0.0003 = 16.19 tCO2

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
33 
 
Keyword 
Measure 
Start 
date 
End 
date 
CO2 
savings 
Stakeholders 
Cost 
Assistance 
needs 
Required 
action 
Use cleaner alternatives 
sources of power 
generation 
Installation of photovoltaic panels 
in international airports Aristides 
Pereira (AIAP) and Nelson 
Mandela of Praia (AIPNM) 
2022 
2025 
TBD 
ASA 
4 
320 000 
ECV 
Yes 
Feasibility study 
Technical and financial 
assistance 
Detail on quantification: NA 
Use cleaner alternatives 
sources of power 
generation  
Installation of wind park at 
Aeroporto Internacional Cesária 
Évora (AICE) and Aeroporto 
Internacional Amílcar Cabral 
(AIAC) 
2024 
2026 
TBD 
ASA 
TBD 
Yes 
Feasibility study 
Technical and financial 
assistance 
Detail on quantification: NA 
Use cleaner cooler 
equipment 
Replacement of obsolete AC 
equipment (R22) with modern and 
more efficient equipment in all 
the international airports of Cabo 
Verde 
2021 
2025 
TBD 
ASA 
4 
925 830 
ECV 
Yes 
Technical and financial 
assistance 
Detail on quantification: NA  
Reduce electrical 
demand  
Placement of motion sensors for 
lighting control in all WCs at 
international airports Cesária 
Évora and Aristides Pereira 
2021 
2023 
TBD 
ASA 
TBD 
Yes 
Technical assistance 
Detail on quantification: NA 
Reduce electrical 
demand 
Replacement of old generators by 
more efficient generators (Pedra 
Rachada) - DNA 
2019 
2025 
TBD 
ASA 
TBD 
Yes 
Technical and financial 
assistance 
Detail on quantification: NA

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
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Keyword 
Measure 
Start 
date 
End 
date 
CO2 
savings 
Stakeholders 
Cost 
Assistance 
needs 
Required 
action 
Reduce distance 
travelled  
Change the internal procedures 
regarding disembarkation with the 
aid of buses, prioritizing the 
embarkation on foot by managing 
the stands closest to the terminals 
2021 
2023 
 TBD 
CV Handling 
 TBD 
Yes 
Technical and financial 
assistance  
Detail on quantification: NA 
Electrical operated 
ground vehicles 
Replacement of Follow-me 
vehicles and VIP terminal 
vehicles and maintenance vehicles 
by electric vehicles at 
international airports of Aristides 
Pereira, Nelson Mandela and 
Amílcar Cabral 
2022 
2024 
 TBD 
ASA 
33 
933 832 
ECV 
Yes 
Techincal and financial 
assistance  
Detail on quantification: NA 
conversion of GSE to 
cleaner fuels 
Future acquisitions of GSE 
cleaner fuels, namely electric 
GSEs to CV Handling. “Electric 
vehicles do not release carbon 
dioxide and are also converters of 
renewable sources such as solar 
energy or hydropower, are 
designed to be more 
environmentally friendly, and the 
battery itself can be recycled, thus 
contributing to the reduction of 
annual CO2 emissions.  We 
intend to acquire 5 electric 
tractors”. 
2022 
2026 
 TBD 
CV Handling 
 25 000 
000 
ECV 
Yes 
Techincal and financial 
assistance  
Detail on quantification: NA

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3. Operational improvements “Air Traffic Management (ATM)” 
 
KEYWORD: USE OF OPTIMUM FLIGHT LEVELS 
 
Description: Required Navigation Performance 4 (RNP4) implementation in the 
Europe/South America (EUR/SAM) corridor 
The current specification for Required Navigation Performance within Sal FIR when 
outside radar coverage, oceanic en-route, is RNP10.  
The decision  from EUR/Sam corridor, was to transition to RNP4, with the aim of 
improving lateral separation minima and to align with global trends.  
NEEDS 
 
To move to RNP4 is first required Performance Based Communication and Surveillance 
(PBCS), thus ASA will have to be meet the requirements in terms of with Required 
Communication Performance (RCP 240 ) and Required Surveillance Performance (RSP 
180), which will require ground surveillance and communications systems upgrade.  
BENEFIT 
• Reduced separation from 50 miles to 30 miles and from 10 minutes to 5 minutes. 
• increase the capacity, corridor will be able to allocate more aircrafts on ATS 
routes; 
• improving efficiency on oceanic en-route operations and improved environmental 
performance. 
 
KEYWORD: USE OF OPTIMUM ROUTINGS 
 
Description: Publication of authorization for the planning of direct routes in the 
FPL in SAL FIR 
Presently the air traffic overflying the West section of SAL’s FIR in the direction north-
south operates in Direct Routing. This is possible due to the existence of a high number 
and density of entry and exit points on the FIR’s limits, which allow airlines to plan their 
routes almost freely. However, there are surveillance and communication difficulties 
which limit the full implementation and benefits of free route airspace.  
For the future SAL FIR will implement full FRA - Free Route Airspace. FRA allows the 
use of airspace which would otherwise be segregated (i.e., special use airspace) along 
with flexible routing adjusted for specific traffic patterns. 
NEEDS 
 
For the full implementation, ASA needs to close cooperation with neighboring FIR’s and 
interoperability with their ATM systems, to allow synchronization of flight trajectories 
through coordination and automatic flight data transfer messages. 
BENEFIT 
• aircraft can fly in SAL FIR from entry point direct to exit point 
• create new possibilities for routing and therefore increase the capacity of the 
sector/FIR. 
• greater routing possibilities, reducing potential congestion on trunk routes and 
busy crossing points, resulting in reduced flight length and fuel burn.

ACTION PLAN FOR CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION FROM INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION IN CABO VERDE 
36 
 
KEYWORD: 
FUEL 
EFFICIENT 
DEPARTURE 
AND 
APPROACH 
PROCEDURES 
 
Description 1: Implementation of PBN SID and PBN STAR procedures at Praia and 
Sal international airports 
Currently and due to the existence of terrain obstacles, PBN procedures are already 
implemented in S. Vicente and Boa Vista airports. 
Shortly PBN procedures should be implemented in Praia and Sal and in the medium term 
PBN procedures should also be available for the domestic airports, depending on the 
potential gains and requirements from a regulatory and safety point of view. 
 
Description 2: Design and implementation of CCO and CDO procedures at all 
international airports 
 
ASA currently have no Continuous Climb Operations (CCO) or Continuous Descent 
Operations (CDO) in place within Sal FIR. The lack of CCO and CDO means that there 
is a greater economic and environmental impact (more emissions and noise). 
However, at the present ASA has the charts for PBN with CCO and CDO procedures for 
Sal and Praia airports already finished and they are on process of simulation and is 
expected to implement as soon as possible.  
NEEDS 
The project of ASA is to implement SID and STARS procedures with CCO and CDO in 
all international airport, so for this ASA needs to: 
• Redesign of TMA airspace will be required, as well as the implementation of new 
arrival and departure procedures; 
• Design CCO and CDO procedures for S. Vicente and Boa Vista airport; 
• know which aircraft can support CCO/CDO procedures. 
BENEFIT 
• allow the operators to fly a profile that is as close as possible to the optimum 
profile with continuous climb or descent during their approach for the 
international airport.  
• enables to attain initial cruise climb FL at an optimum air speed and engine thrust 
reducing fuel burn and emission and noise reduction.